perm filename SCORE.LCS[UP,DOC]14 blob
sn#263703 filedate 1977-02-09 generic text, type T, neo UTF8
00100 **************** SCORE MANUAL (NEW VERSION)******************
00200
00300
00400 ********** SECTION 1 **********
00500
00600
00700 The program 'SCORE' creates note lists for the PDP10 sound generation
00800 program.
00900
01000 'SCORE' accomodates several instruments with 30 parameters per
01100 instrument. To take full advantage of this program an initialization
01200 file must be read into the sound program giving values for musical
01300 note letters, etc. The file 'NOTES' has the necessary material.
01400 (MUSIC, on the system, already has NOTES in it.)
01500
01600 You must create the input file for SCORE with the ET or SOS editor.
01700 The name of the file can use no more than five letters. The output
01800 of SCORE will use the same name but the extension .SCR will be
01900 added.
02000
02100 Input for each parameter must end with a semicolon. Comments may be
02200 typed after the sign < . lines under 'EDIT' or 'INSERT' do not need a
02300 semicolon. 'RUN;' will end the note list. Entries under 'TAP' are
02400 best left without the semicolon. In general, lines should include no
02500 more than 72 characters before comments.
02600
02700 All lines must begin in column one. All blank lines will be ignored.
02800 Generally commas and = will be equivalent to blanks.
02900
03000
03100 The first line should contain the name of instrument 1, followed by
03200 its begin time and duration. An instrument name cannot use more
03300 than 5 characters.
03400
03500 The first begin time is always given in seconds. If no duration is
03600 given, a 'FINE' must appear at the end of one of the lists of items
03700 for that instrument. (see Sec. 5.) The duration may be set either in
03800 seconds or number of notes - see following.
03900
04000 SECONDS: If only 2 numbers are typed, the 2nd will set the end
04100 time, in seconds, for that instrument.
04200
04300 NUMBER OF NOTES: If the duration is to be set in terms of the
04400 total number of notes, type the begin time, a dummy number
04500 and the total number of notes for that instrument.
04600
04700 Example:
04800
04900 BUZZ 0,32; Inst1 is BUZZ, BG time=0", duration=32".
05000 (data for 'BUZZ' follows.)
05100
05200 ZAP 2,28; Inst2, BG time=2", last note will start before
05300 time 28". (data for 'ZAP' follows.)
05400
05500 ZAP2 0 0 42; Inst3 is ZAP2, BG time=0", duration=42 notes.
05600 (data for 'ZAP2' follows.)
05700
05800 HISS ; Inst4 begins at time 0". It ends when an item list ends.
05900 (see pg5).
06000 (data for 'HISS' follows.)
06100
06200 Note that when the duration is given in seconds it means only that
06300 the last note to be played by that instrument will begin no later
06400 than the indicated duration. It can often happen that the duration
06500 of the last note can extend beyond the given total duration. This is
06600 almost certain to happen when random note durations are used. If the
06700 precise ending time is crucial it must be carefully checked.
06800
06900 Later changes in parameter data for an instrument must be preceded by
07000 the instrument name and the time at which that data change will take
07100 effect. If the time is to be in seconds, only one number should
07200 appear.
07300 If the data is to start on a specific note, type an
07400 instrument number and the particular note number of that instrument
07500 desired.
07600
07700
07800
07900
08000 After the entries for each begin time are complete, the word
08100 'END' must appear before another instrument is dealt with. 'RUN;' may
08200 replace 'END;' if there is no more data to come. 'RUN' must be the
08300 last item of the note list.
08400
08500 Example: BUZZ 3,13; data begins on note 13 of instrument 3.
08600 (i.e. ZAP2)
08700 --
08800 -- END ; End this data for BUZZ
08900 RUN ; No more data. run the score.
09000
09100
09200
09300
09400
09500
09600
09700
09800
09900 ---- SOME CONVENTIONS REGARDING PARAMETER NUMBERS ----
10000
10100 In specifying the parameters for your instruments, P3 is best
10200 reserved for center frequency and P4 for amplitude. (See sect. 12)
10300
10400
10500
10600
10700
10800 RESTART:
10900
11000 Sometimes is may be desireable to restart an instrument after an
11100 extended rest. If the exact duration of the rest is known it is best
11200 simply to enter the rest as a minus number in P2 (see Sec.4).
11300 However, if the duration of the rest is not easy to predict because
11400 of the use of random selection or other reasons, the instrument may
11500 be 'restarted'. In this case the instrument name must be followed
11600 by the word 'RESTART' and the then the 2 or 3 numbeers needed to
11700 establish this new begin time and duration, as noted above.
11800
11900 When this feature is used this instrument name will be given the next
12000 available number in the instrument list (up to 27) and any references
12100 to it after the restart time must use this new number.
12200
12300 Example:
12400 TOOT 0 20; TOOT will play for at least 20"
12500 - - -
12600 - - -
12700 - - - ;END;
12800
12900 TOOT RESTART 28 0 15; TOOT will restart at time 28"
13000 - - - and play 15 more notes.
13100 - - -
13200 - - - ;END;
13300
13400
13500
13600
00100
00200 ********** SECTION 2 **********
00300
00400 If data for a parameter is to remain the same for several notes it
00500 should be entered as follows:
00600
00700 P5 .73; P5 will be .73 until changed.
00800 P6 100.2;
00900 P3 CS5; P3, C# of the 5th octave.(notes of the
01000 tempered scale used are from C1(=lowest C on
01100 piano keyboard)to B7(=highest B). S=#, F=b
01200 P7 "10*P5"; Any string surrounded by quotes will be
01300 literally reproduced in the score.
01400 P9 P6; P9 will always have the same data as P6. No
01500 quotes needed. (See also "reserved number"
01600 below.)
01700 P8 F14; F14 remains until changed. (F1 through F15
01800 be used. For higher function numbers use
01900 quotes: ("F19")
02000
02100 ****Note that any F that appears in this context will be
02200 taken as a function number. The pitch class F may
02300 not appear as a single item unless it is surrounded
02400 by quotes. ("F")
02500
02600 The highest parameter number used by the instrument must appear in
02700 the data list even if its input is to be a zero.
02800
02900 Example:
03000
03100 P2 1; ***** SLASHES (also see Sec.12) ****
03200 P3 C4; All this data could appear on one line.
03300 e.g. P2 1; P3 C4; P5 100; P7 0; END;
03400 P5 100; P4 will be zero
03500 P7 0; P6 will also be zero
03600 END ;
03700
03800 ****Reserved number!! 9999.PN (PN=parameter number) If you wish to
03900 repeat data found in any previously set parameter, you may type P and
04000 the parameter number or 9999 plus the parameter number in hundredths.
04100
04200 Example: P13 9999.04; Whatever is found in P4 will appear
04300 in P13. ('P13 P4;' is the same.)
04400 P14 9999.10; or P14 P10; repeats P10
04500
04600 Because of this you may not type in any numbers greater than 9998 and
04700 have them reproduced as such. (Except with 'LITERAL'. see below.)
04800 (Also see 'REP' on Sec. 6.)
04900
05000
05100
05200
05300
05400
05500
05600
05700
05800
05900
06000 ******* Following is an example of a complete page of input. ******
06100
06200 The use of the code words RHY, NOTES and TEMPO are explained later.
06300
06400 ASSUME THAT THE EDIT FILE NAME IS 'SCALE'.
06500 (THE OUTPUT WILL BE ON 'SCALE.SCR'.)
06600
06700 SCALE *** This creates the score for a C-major scale with bass.
06800 (SINCE NOTHING APPEARS IN COLUMN 1, THE ABOVE WILL BE IGNORED.)
06900 TOOT 0 1 8; < BG time=0, inst 1 plays 8 notes.
07000
07100 P2 RHY/8/16//8//4//2; < Rhythm is 8th, 2 16ths, 2 8ths, 2 quarters,
07200 half. See section 4 and following for use
07300 of 'RHY', 'NOTES', etc.
07400
07500 P3 NOTES/C4/D/E/F/G/A/B/C5; < Scale goes up from middle C.
07600
07700 P4 500; P5 F1; END;< Ampl(P4)=500, envelope is sostenuto (F1).
07800
07900
08000 CLAR 0 2 5; P2 RHY/4 X 4/2; < 4 quarters and 1 half.
08100
08200 P3 NOTES/C3/A/F/G/C;<Bass notes
08300
08400 P4 450; P5 F2; END;< F2 will give semi-staccato.
08500
08600 TEMPO/ 96 ; < MM=96
08700
08800 RUN;
08900
00100 ********** SECTION 3 **********
00200
00300 ***** RANDOM SELECTION *****
00400
00500 If random selection is desired, type at least 3 numbers after the
00600 parameter number. The first number will be a percentage (as 1
00700 [=100%] or .76 [=76%]) and the next two will set the limits of the
00800 random selection. e.g. '1 200,300' means 100% of the time a number
00900 between 200 and 300 will be chosen. Several random selection ranges
01000 may be typed for a single parameter, but
01100
01200
01300 →→→→→only two lines of 72 characters each may be used.←←←←←
01400 If a second line is needed, the first one must not end with ;
01500
01600 Care must be taken that the sum of the first numbers of each set of 3
01700 is exactly 1 (=100%).
01800
01900 In the following example for P5, 50% of the time a number between 20
02000 and 100 will be chosen, 10% of the time between 0 and .7, 10% of the
02100 time the number 200, 25% of the time between 107 and 115 and 5% of
02200 the time the number 1000.
02300
02400 P5 .5 20,100 .1 0,.7 .1 200,200 .25 107,115 .05 1000,1000;
02500 (71 spaces used.)
02600
02700 If random selection of tempered scale notes is desired, use note
02800 names instead of numbers.
02900
03000 Example:
03100
03200
03300 P3 .5 C2,C3 .2 FS4,FS .3 D6,F;< If no octave number is given, the
03400 last listed applies.
03500
03600 (Function numbers may not be dealt with in the above manner.)
03700
03800 Individual literal statements may be selected at random using the
03900 following form.
04000
04100 P7 .2 "P3*100" .3 "440" .5 "P3+P6**2";
04200 p5 .6 "F1" .4 "F2" ; <60%:40% random choice of functions.
04300
04400 The strings are surrounded by quotes and may have any number of
04500 characters. The percentage numbers in the example above must add up
04600 to 1 (100%) and and all such random data must appear on a single
04700 line. Data consisting of ordinary numbers, or notes cannot be mixed
04800 with literal strings.
04900
05000
05100
05200
05300
05400
05500
05600
05700
05800
05900
06000
06100
06200
06300
06400
06500
06600
06700
06800 ***** P31 RANDOM TEMPO FACTOR *****
06900
07000 When P31 is set, the number will represent the maximum time
07100 deviation, + or -, of the note duration numbers found in P2. Note
07200 that the deviation is in terms of BASIC TIME, hence a tempo change
07300 will not produce a change in the range of deviation. Check carefully
07400 the results of using P31.
07500
07600 Example: P31 .06;< Up to 6/100" random tempo deviation.
07700
07800 The 'ALL' feature does not! work with P31.
07900
08000
08100
08200 ***** P32 RANDOM RESTS *****
08300
08400 Random rests may be entered by calling for parameter P32. Any
08500 number from 0 to 1. (0% to 100%) may be typed.
08600
08700 Example: P32 .15;
08800
08900 If .15 is typed, a random selection of 15% of the notes of that
09000 instrument will have rests of durations set by P2. The 'MOVE' feature
09100 (explained later) may be used with P32.
09200
00100 ********** SECTION 4 **********
00200
00300 ********** SPECIAL CODE WORDS **********
00400
00500 RHYTHM; (RH) [acceptable minimum abbreviations]
00600 NOTES; (NO)
00700 NUMBERS; (NU)
00800 FUNCTIONS; (FU)
00900 RLIST; (RL) Sequential list of random num ranges.
01000 RNOTES; (RN) Sequential list of random note ranges.
01100 MOVE; (M) The code word must immediately
01200 MOVX; (MX) follow the parameter number.
01300 LITERAL; (L) Example: P2 RHY/
01400 DF; Duty factor.
01500 REPEAT; (RE) OR (X)
01600 CUTOFF; (CU)
01700 TAP; (T)
01800 RTAP; (RT)
01900 SUBN;
02000 SUBL;
02100 QUAD;
02200 QUADX;
02300 QUADF;
02400 QUADFX;
02500
02600
02700 Most non-random aspects of musical input will be made in terms of
02800 lists of events. The code words RH, NO, NU, FU, LI are used for this
02900 purpose. If you are using a list for input for P2 (RH or NU) and also
03000 a list for P3 (NO or NU) and perhaps a list of functions (FU) in some
03100 other parameter, in most cases you will want to have exactly the same
03200 number of entries in all lists. A point of possible confusion arises
03300 with the use of rests! All lists step forward for each new note
03400 whether or not that "note" is a real sound or a silence. Thus if the
03500 3rd entry in a list of notes is /R/ (for "rest") there obviously must
03600 be a duration given for that rest in P2's list. It follows that if a
03700 list of functions is given in P5, the 3rd entry will be a "dummy".
03800
03900 When typing in extended lists it is always a good idea to organize
04000 the various lists according to some simple visual scheme. For
04100 example, if the music involved has bar lines, their presence can be
04200 shown by the use of 2 or 3 extra spaces at the appropriate points in
04300 each list. You will come to appreciate any possible aids to proof
04400 reading.
04500
04600 *********** RHY (FOR MUSICAL RHYTHMIC TERMINOLOGY) ***********
04700
04800 Entries under 'RHY' will always be in terms of the fractional part of
04900 a whole note. Thus '4' represents a quarter note, '16' a 16th note,
05000 '12' an 8th note triplet, etc. For dotted rhythms add dots to
05100 numbers. Composites are entered by typing up to 5 numbers. To enter
05200 a double dotted 8th note, type /8../, a dotted half tied to the first
05300 of a triplet, /2.,12/, etc.
05400
05500 If several notes in a row have the same rhythm, type 'VALUE X N'
05600 (where 'VALUE' is up to 5 numbers representing a rhythmic duration, X
05700 is for 'TIMES' and 'N' is the number of equal values). Thus to repeat
05800 15 dotted quarter notes, type /4. X 15/.
05900
06000 Complete rhythmic units must be separated by slashes. If no new entry
06100 appears between slashes (or a slash and a semicolon) the last entry
06200 will be repeated for each slash. Several lines may be used. Each
06300 line but the last must end with a slash. The last line of a list
06400 must end with ;. The semicolon may serve the double purpose of a
06500 slash and the end of the string of entries.
06600
06700 Example: 4///8 X 9/2/; < 3 quarters, 9 eighths, 2 half notes.
06800
06900 -----------------------------------------------
07000 Any group of varied rhythms may be repeated several times by entering
07100 'REP' or 'X' and N1,N2. N1 will be the number of entries involved
07200 and N2 will be the total number of times the group will occur. If no
07300 2nd number appears, N2=2.
07400
07500 Example: 4/8 X 5/2./REP 7,3/2; The group of 7 rhythms,
07600 1 quarter, 5 eighths and a dotted half will play 3 times.
07700
07800 Here 'REP' and 'X' are interchangeable and may also be used with
07900 lists under 'NOTES','FUNC' and 'NUM'.
08000
08100 Type ';' to terminate a string of rhythmic entries before listing
08200 data for another parameter.
08300
08400 For rests, the first number appearing must be negative. A whole note
08500 rest plus a 16th rest would be entered as /-1,16/. Rests may also be
08600 entered with 'NOTES'.
08700
08800 If fewer rhythms are entered than are required to make up the whole
08900 duration of a section, the series given will loop until some new data
09000 is entered. This will work the same way for any sequential lists of
09100 data.
09200
09300 xxx TEMPO xxx
09400
09500 The tempo may be set for each instrument separately under P2, or for
09600 all parts at once (the preferred method) after all other data is
09700 entered. See SECTION 11 regarding use of TEMPO.
09800
09900
10000 If the tempo is set under 'P2 RHY' use the following procedures.
10100
10200 Normally, 3 numbers will be given on each line. N1=duration N2=tempo
10300 at start of dur. N3=tempo at end of dur. Up to 30 changes may be
10400 made at a time. The tempo may be set in either of two ways.
10500 Conventional metronome numbers may be used, (I.e. mm=the number of
10600 quarter notes per minute), or the tempo may be set in terms of 'tempo
10700 factors'. The 'tempo factor' 1 is equivalent to mm=60. 'Tempo
10800 factors' must be less than 10, 'mm' numbers must be greater than 11.
10900 If only one number is given after 'TEMPO' it will be taken as a fixed
11000 tempo, not as a duration.
11100
11200 Example: TEMPO/ 96 ; < mm=96 unless changed at some later time.
11300
11400 If you type 11 45 120, the tempo will shift from the first tempo to
11500 the second tempo during the course of the number of quarter notes
11600 given. (The numbers 11 .75 2 will be taken as 'tempo factors' and
11700 produce exactly the same results.) If you type two numbers, a third
11800 number will be assumed as the same as the second number.
11900
12000 Example:P2 RHY/
12100 TEMPO/10 84 112/ <Changes from mm=84 to mm=112
12200 in 10 quarter notes.
12300 5 112/ < Tempo will remain at 112 for 5 quarters.
12400 108; < Tempo will stay at 108. must end with ';.
12500 4/8//4/16/etc. < Rhythm data must follow immediately.
12600
12700 (Note: It is probably more convenient to set the tempo changes for
12800 all parts at once with the 'TEMPO' feature described on page 17. If
12900 this is done it is best to omit 'TEMPO' data under 'P2 RHY;'. If
13000 'TEMPO' is not mentioned, mm=60.)
13100
13200
00100 ********** SECTION 5 **********
00200
00300 ************ NOTES (do not use with P2) *************
00400
00500 Use this code word to enter note letters.
00600
00700 When the file 'NOTES' has been read into the music program (already
00800 present in MUS10), the program will understand the tempered scale as
00900 follows. 'C4'=middle C, 'C3'=1 octave below,(prints as C/2) 'C2'
01000 =two octaves below,(prints C/4) 'C1'=three octaves below, 'C5'=one
01100 octave above, 'C6'=two octaves above, etc. 'CS'=C#,'GS'=G#,
01200 'AF'=Ab, 'EF'=Eb, etc. If a rest is desired, type 'R' (with 'NOTES'
01300 only).
01400
01500 Example: P3 NOTES/
01600 C4/CS/R/D/DS//E// < Last 2 entries each play twice.
01700 F X 6/ < 6 F's.
01800 REP 7,4; < Last 7 entries play a total of 4 times.
01900 ';' ends the list.
02000
02100 Each octave is taken as starting with the note C. Normally, the
02200 octave number, once given, will stick until a new octave number
02300 appears. Thus, to move a 1/2 step B to C, /B3/C4/B3/C4/ must be
02400 typed, whereas /E4/F/E/F/ also gives 1/2 steps.
02500
02600 A different, "PROXIMITY", mode may be used by typing 'P' in front of
02700 the 1st note entered. This mode automatically chooses the following
02800 octave numbers so as to produce the smallest intervals between notes.
02900 /P B3/C/B/C/ gives 1/2 steps.
03000
03100 In this mode, skips up or down of greater than a perfect 4th must
03200 include an octave number.
03300
03400 PROXIMITY mode may be left by typing 'O' (for ordinary) in front of a
03500 note and its octave number. /O B3/C/ gives a major 7th.
03600
03700
03800 If no duration is earlier specified (see pg 1) the list in 'NOTES'
03900 must end with the word 'FINE'. 'FINE' may be used with 'NOTES',
04000 'NUM', 'RHY' or 'FUNC'.
04100
04200 Example: P3 NOTES/A5/G/FS4/D/B3/FINE;
04300
04400 'FINE' ends NOTES (and sets duration at that point.)
04500
04600
04700
04800
04900
05000
05100
05200
05300
05400
05500
05600 ************* LIT (do not use with P2) *************
05700
05800 All literal data must be surrounded by quotes. Entries must be
05900 separated by slashes. Extra slashes will repeat items, but 'X' or
06000 'REP' may not be used for repeats. However, as with 'NOTES', 'RHY',
06100 'NUM' and 'FUNC', any series of entries will loop until changed at
06200 some later begin time. The series of literal items must be ended
06300 with a ';'.
06400
06500 Example: P12 LIT/
06600 "P4*2" ///"P4*3"/"P5/3"/ < First item will be used 3
06700 times.
06800 "P11+5"/",-52"; < A negative value must be preceded by
06900 a comma in any literal data.
07000
07100 ("A"// or "A"/; will cause the 'A' to appear twice.)
07200
07300
07400 *************** NUM (use with any parameter) *************
07500
07600 This works exactly the same way as 'NOTES' except that numbers only!
07700 may be typed. 'NUM' is useful in setting strings of note durations
07800 or amplitudes without regard to musical terminology. (9999.PN may be
07900 used here. see page 2.)
08000
08100 Example: P5 NUM/100/200//300 X 10/
08200 452/9999.04//500; < 9999.04 repeats whatever is in P4
08300 ';' ends the list.
08400
08500 ********** FUNC (do not use with P2) **********
08600
08700 This works as above. Functions 1 through 15 are available. Do not!
08800 use 'F' with the function numbers in this case only!
08900
09000 Example: P7 FUNC/3//4 X 4/5/REP 3,2; <=F3,F3,F4,F4,F4,F4,F5,F4,F4,F5.
09100 ';' ends the list.
09200
00100
00200 ********** SECTION 6 **********
00300
00400 ***** RLIST (RANDOM LIST OF NUMBERS) *****
00500
00600 With RLIST a sequential list of random selection ranges of ordinary
00700 numbers may be entered. The list is terminated by a ';'.
00800
00900 ***** The repeat of a unit by means of a slash may be used but
01000 REP must !!not!! used. 'Motives' are possible. (See Sec.7)
01100
01200 EXAMPLE: P4 RLIST/50,200//1000,1000/700,900;
01300
01400
01500 ***** RNOTES (RANDOM LIST OF NOTES) *****
01600
01700 RNOTES has the same features as above but using note names for the
01800 ranges.
01900
02000 EXAMPLE: P3 RNOTES/C4,CS/E,GS//B,F5/D3,D;
02100
02200
02300
02400 ***** REP or X (N1,N2,N3); *****
02500
02600 'REP' or 'X' is used in conjunction with a parameter number to repeat
02700 any previously entered data into the current parameter. In the
02800 following examples assume that 'ZAP' is instrument 2.
02900
03000 If no number follows 'REP', data of the same parameter number of the
03100 previous instrument will be repeated. If one number is used, it will
03200 be a parameter number of the previous instrument. If 2 numbers
03300 appear, the second will be an instrument number. A 3rd number will
03400 cause the data to be repeated for all following instruments through
03500 the number given.
03600
03700 Example:ZAP ;
03800 P2 REP; < P2 of ZAP will have same data as P2 of previous inst.
03900 P5 REP 7; < Repeats data of P7, previous inst.
04000 P8 REP 5,2; < Repeats data of P5, inst 2.
04100 (i.e. ZAP. See below re.';')
04200 P9 X 4,1 5; < P4, inst1, repeats in this and all insts up
04300 to inst 5.
04400 P10 X 6,3; < Repeats P6 data, inst3
04500 (This data must already have appeared above.)
04600
04700 →→→→→→ N.B. Use REP with MOVE data only if the begin times of the
04800 instruments involved are the same. See Sec. 10 for other
04900 information regarding 'REP'. (Also see 'DUPL', Sec. 10.)
05000
05100 To repeat data from one parameter to another within a single
05200 instrument the semicolon (or slash) alone may be used.
05300
05400 Example: P12 1.23; < No other data may appear between this and
05500 the next line.
05600 P7 ; < Repeats data of P12. Be sure a space precedes
05700 ';'.
05800
05900 When using any kind of random selection 'REP' will repeat the limits
06000 of selection only, not the particular choices made.
06100 To repeat the choices themselves use '9999.PN' (See Sec. 2).
06200
06300
06400 Example: P4 1 10,100; < P4 chooses a number between 10 and 100.
06500 P12 9999.04; <The choice of P4 will also appear in P12.
06600 (or P12 P4; does the same as above)
06700
00100 ********** SECTION 7 **********
00200
00300 *********** MOTIVIC REPEATS [ ( ), @, $, - ] **********
00400
00500
00600 When any motivic group of items appearing in RHY, NUM, NOTES, FUNC,
00700 LIT or DF is to be used several times the group may be associated
00800 with any letter of the alphabet by surrounding it with parentheses
00900 The identifying letter must precede the left parenthesis and the
01000 right parenthesis must follow the last item to be included in the
01100 group.
01200
01300 Example: P3 NOTES/A4/ Q (BF/D5/F/D )/ G4/ etc.
01400
01500 From this point on the motive Bb-D-F-D may be entered by simply
01600 typing / @Q /. The '@' sign must always immediately precede the
01700 identifying letter. When '@' is used only a single letter may
01800 appear. However the various repeat features may be applied
01900 thereafter. / @Q/REP 2/ would create /BF4/D5/F/D/F/D/, i.e. the last
02000 two items of 'Q' would be repeated.
02100
02200 In the above example @Q could also be used in any following
02300 instrument to enter that sequence of notes.
02400
02500
02600 It is possible to nest motives. In the following 'X' will include
02700 'Q'.
02800
02900 Example: / X (E4/ @Q / E )/
03000
03100 →→→→→→→→ N.B. In this case the octave (5) number of the last item of
03200 the Q motive will never carry over into the next note. Rather, the
03300 last actual number given (4) will hold until changed.
03400
03500 In the following, motive 'J' will include motives 'M' and 'K'.
03600
03700 /J( M( E4/G/A )/ B/K( BF/C5/D )/ F )/
03800 | |________| |_________| |
03900 |________________________________|
04000
04100 N.B. No more than 2! left parentheses may be open at one time. The
04200 right parentheses always will close off the nearest left parenthesis
04300 which is still open.
04400
04500 XXXXXXXX TRANSPOSITION XXXXXXXXXXX
04600 (NONE of these tranformations may be used with 'LIT'!)
04700
04800 MOTIVIC TRANSFORMATIONS may be created in several ways. A number may
04900 be added after the identifier. /@Q 12/, /@Q -5/, /@T .3/
05000 If the motive is appearing in NOTES the number will refer to the
05100 number of 1/2 steps transposition to be made. In the 1st case above
05200 the notes of Q would now appear 8va higher; in the 2nd case, a
05300 perfect 4th down (-5 1/2 steps.)
05400
05500 XXXXXXXXX AUGMENTATION, DIMINUTION XXXXXXXXX
05600
05700 If the motive appears in RHYTHM, NUMBERS or DF, the added number will
05800 become a multiplier. If 'T' were established as follows:
05900
06000 p7 NUM/ T(111/ 222 / 300 ) ;
06100
06200 /@T .3/ would produce / 33.3 / 66.6 / 100 /.
06300
06400 ***** Note that any multiplier in the time or rhythmic domain will
06500 simply multiply the note durations. Thus a 3 would make all notes 3
06600 times longer, .333 would make them 1/3 as long.
06700
06800
06900 XXXXXXXXXX RETROGRADE MOTION XXXXXXXXXX
07000
07100 Motives may be used in retrograde motion by simply typing '-' before
07200 the identifier. /@-Q/ causes motive Q to be played backwards.
07300
07400
07500 XXXXXXXXXX INVERSION XXXXXXXXXXX
07600
07700 When using NOTES it is possible to invert motives by inserting '$'
07800 before the identifier. /@$Q/ will give an exact intervallic
07900 inversion of motive Q. If Q included the notes /C4/D/EF/, /@$Q/
08000 would produce /C4/BF3/A/. Note that if the retrograde is used at the
08100 same time as '$', the inversion will turn on the last note of the
08200 original motive. Thus /@$-Q/ produces /EF4/FF/GF/ (i.e. Eb,Fb,Gb).
08300
08400 Transposition may be done at the same time! /@$-Q -6/ means that Q
08500 will be inverted, played backwards and the 1st note to be heard will
08600 be transposed down 6 half steps (a tritone) from the original. Thus
08700 the notes will be /A3/BF/C4/.
08800
08900 (CURIOUS RESULTS ARE PRODUCED WHEN INVERSION IS APPLIED TO RHYTHMIC
09000 MOTIVES. THE FIRST REAL TIME VALUE SERVES AS A PIVOT AND ALL OTHER
09100 REAL TIME VALUES ARE PRODUCED BY ADDING THE PIVOTAL VALUE TO THE
09200 DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THAT VALUE AND EACH OTHER VALUE. IF THE REAL TIME
09300 VALUES WERE .5 .25 .1 1 1.25 THEY WOULD INVERT TO .5 .75 .9 0 AND
09400 -.25. THUS THE LAST ONE WOULD BECOME A REST AND THE ONE BEFORE IT
09500 WOULD HAVE NO TIME VALUE. THIS SEEMS TO HAVE LIMITED USEFULNESS!)
09600
00100 ********** SECTION 8 **********
00200
00300 **************** MOVE, MOVX *******************
00400
00500 MOVE may be used for gradual changes from one number (or note) to
00600 another or from one range of random selection to another. MOVE works
00700 on a straight line basis. Use MOVX if an exponential curve is
00800 desired.
00900
01000 If no random element is involved, 3 to 1 numbers may be typed on each
01100 line.
01200
01300 Example: P3 MOVE/3 C4,D5; < In 3" moves from C4 to D5.
01400 ';' ends MOVE. P3 will stay at D5.
01500 P4 MOVX/12 100,1000/ < In 12", moves exponentially from 10
01600 to 1000.
01700 10 1000,70; < In 10", from 1000 to 70. ';' Ends list.
01800 P4 stays at 70.
01900 P5 MOVE/15 1000/ < Stays at 1000 for 15".
02000 2500; < Holds at 2500 until end or later change.
02100
02200 For changing random ranges type 5 numbers on each line. You should
02300 type a duration (in seconds), a lower and upper limit for random
02400 selection at the beginning of the time and a lower and upper limit
02500 for random selection at the end of the duration given.
02600
02700 When ALL the durations given have passed, the parameter will continue
02800 to choose from the last selection range.
02900
03000 IF A SLASH OR SEMICOLON APPEARS WITH NO NEW DATA BETWEEN IT AND THE
03100 LAST ONE, THE DATA LAST GIVEN WILL BE REPEATED.
03200
03300 P7 MOVE/10 100 2000/ / 5 2000 50;
03400 THE 100 TO 2000 MOVE WILL OCCUR TWICE.
03500
03600
03700 EXAMPLE: If you should want the amplitude to gradually increase from
03800 any number between 200 and 300 up to the number 1200 over a period of
03900 15 seconds and then return to the range 300,350 over the next 10
04000 seconds type the following:
04100
04200 P4 MOVE/ < Upper limit moves from 300 to 1200, lower from
04300 200 to 1200.
04400 15 200,300 1200,1200/
04500 10 1200,1200 300,350/ < Now moves to new limits.
04600 ';' will end the list.
04700
04800 N.B. You may not! mix the 2 types of entries used with MOVE or MOVX.
04900 If any units contain 5 numbers, they all must!
05000
05100 MOVE (but not! MOVX!!) may also be used with 'P32'. In this case
05200 only 3 numbers may be used in each MOVE unit. To gradually shift
05300 from no rests to 80% rests in 20 seconds, then back to 20% rests in
05400 the next 13 seconds type:
05500
05600 Example: P32 MOVE/20 0 .8 /13 .8 .2;
05700
05800 Note that the first time value in MOVE will start from whatever begin
05900 time was last given for that instrument regardless of the
06000 instrument's original begin time.
06100
06200 Example: ZAP 23.4; < Next data begins at time 23.4"
06300 P6 MOVE/
06400 12 100 350; <P6 moves from 100 to 350 during time 23.4
06500 to 35.4". ';' will end the list.
06600
06700
06800 ******* WARNING !!!! ********
06900
07000 Problems (round-off errors) can occur with MOVE begin times if the
07100 instrument does not have its first begin time at time 0. If a rest
07200 is needed as the first note for an instrument using MOVE it is best
07300 to put it into P2 and then have the instrument start at time 0.
07400
07500 Be sure to proof read carefully.
07600
00100 ********** SECTION 9 **********
00200
00300 ***** SUBL,(Subroutine,Letters), SUBN(Subroutine,Numbers) *****
00400
00500 A subroutine may be added to the 'SCORE' program to set values for P2
00600 through P30. This subroutine may be called from several different
00700 parameters. The codes 'SUBL', 'SUBN' determine the form of the
00800 output for the calling parameter. The heading for the subroutine
00900 must be exactly as follows:
01000
01100 SUBROUTINE SUBR
01200 COMMON /INS/ INST(27),BG(60)
01300 COMMON P(30),INUM,IPAR,CNT(27),BT,PL(48),IREST,DF,DUR(27)
01400 C INST=INSTRUMENT NAME, BG=BEGIN TIME OF EACH INST.
01500 C INUM=INST# IPAR=PARAM# BT=BASIC TIME P1 WHEN SUBROUTINE IS
01600 C CALLED, IF IREST IS <0, THAT NOTE WILL BE A REST.
01700 C NOTE #S IN SUBROUTINE:(1-84) C1=1 C4=37 FS4=43 C5=49 B7=84 R=85
01800 C FUNCTIONS ---- F1=86, F2=87, . . . . F15=100 (NO F16!)
01900
02000 'CNT' is the note number for each instrument. 'BT' is the 'basic'
02100 begin time (i.e. uneffected by 'TEMPO' or 'TF') of each note.
02200 To call the subroutine from any parameter type: P4 SUBN; P7 SUBL; etc.
02300 If the last parameter of an instrument calls the subroutine, all the
02400 other parameters may be reset in relation to each other in any way
02500 seen fit. (This is not true when a duty factor (DF) is involved. If
02600 the duty factor is used or changed in the subroutine the parameter
02700 used to call the subroutine must came LATER.)
02800 The PL array is used to show the type of printout desired for each
02900 parameter. If there is to be no change from the original state, PL
03000 may be ignored. If you wish to change 'NOTES' input to a number, set
03100 PL(n) [n is the param. number] to 1.
03200
03300 P(3)=445.
03400 PL(3)=1. If P3 had been printing 'NOTES' data,
03500 at this point the number 445 would
03600 print.
03700
03800 To cause the printout of a tempered scale note name or a function
03900 number set PL(n) to 2.
04000
04100 P(3)=20. The original mode for P3 was numbers.
04200 PL(3)=2. Printout will be G/4.
04300
04400 P(7)=89.
04500 PL(7)=2. P7 will print as F4.
04600
04700 To make the change to a 5 character literal printout, change PL(N) to
04800 3.
04900 P(5)='CS/4' Regardless of the original form of P5
05000 PL(5)=3. It will now print those characters.
05100 (up to 5)
05200
05300 NOTE THAT TO PRINT OUT LITERALS CREATED BY THE SUBROUTINE
05400 PL(n) MUST BE SET TO 3 -- EVEN IF THE CORRESPONDING PARAMETER
05500 WAS ORIGINALLY USING SOME SORT OF LITERAL!!!!!
05600
05700 ### never alter PL(2)!!! ←←←
05800
05900
06000 If some interaction between instruments is desired there are many
06100 ways to move parameter information around. The use of dummy
06200 parameters (those which are not used in any instrument) which call
06300 the subroutine is a good way to store parameter data for later use.
06400
06500 !! SPECIAL PROBLEM with P2 !! If P2 is set with 'P2 SUBN;' all
06600 TEMPO changes will effect the note durations in the usual manner. If
06700 P2 is reset during any other subroutine calls TEMPO changes will not
06800 be effective. Also 'duration' set in seconds may have to be adjusted
06900 to 'real time' values.
07000
07100 Use the duration array, DUR(n), to cause any instrument to end
07200 prematurely. ('n' refers to the instrument number.) Whenever P(1)
07300 equals or exceeds DUR(n) no more notes for that instrument will be
07400 printed. Thus to cause an ending, set DUR(n) to zero one note before
07500 the desired ending.
07600
07700
07800 The following subroutine is included in SCORE.DMP (which you get when
07900 you type R SCORE.) In order to use this routine P11 and P12 must not
08000 be required by the instrument since they are used to transmit numbers
08100 and to call the subroutine.
08200
08300 C***** THIS ROUTINE DIVIDES OCTAVE INTO ANY NUMBER OF EQUAL PARTS
08400
08500 SUBROUTINE SUBR
08600 COMMON /INS/ INST(27),BG(60)
08700 COMMON P(30),INUM,IPAR,CNT(27),BT,PL(48),IREST,DF
08800 C CALL SUBROUTINE FROM P12. P3 CAN BE NOTES OR NUMBS.
08900 X=P(3)
09000 IF(PL(3).EQ.1)GO TO 1
09100 X=30.868*2**(P(3)/12)
09200 C X=FREQ. IN HZ. BASED ON NOTE # IN P3 (OR GIVEN FREQ.)
09300 PL(3)=1.
09400 C THIS CAUSES FREQ. NUM TO PRINT INSTEAD OF LITERAL CHARACTERS.
09500 1 P(3)=X*2**(P(11)/P(12))
09600 C P12=# OF DIVISIONS OF THE OCTAVE. P11=CHROMATIC STEP IN THAT DIV.
09700 RETURN
09800 END
09900
10000 C STEPS ; TYPICAL INPUT FOR MICROTONE SUBROUTINE.
10100 C CLAR ; P2 .3; P3 A3; P4 1000; P5 F1; P7 F4;
10200 C P11 NUM/0/1/2/3/4/5/6/7/8/9/FINE;
10300 C P12 9 SUBN; END; OCTAVE IS DIVIDED INTO 9 PARTS.
10400
10500 Note that if notes of the tempered scale are chosen by random means
10600 it is quite possible that note numbers coming into the subroutine
10700 will not be simple integers. In most cases it is best to change
10800 these numbers to integer form before doing other steps in the
10900 subroutine. If the notes are in P3, simply include in the subroutine
11000 a line such as J=P(3) and then use J for the value of the note
11100 number. Of course some number must be put back in P(3) before
11200 leaving the subroutine.
11300
11400
11500
11600 ****** CUTOFF N1, N2 ******
11700
11800 CUTOFF may be used in any parameter, not required by the instrument
11900 involved, for the purpose of causing random note durations to end at
12000 a specific time. Two numbers chould follow the code word. The 1st
12100 number is the cutoff time (in BASIC TIME) and the 2nd number affects
12200 the duration of the last note before the cutoff.
12300
12400 Example: P2 1 .1 .2; P12 CUTOFF 8 .1;
12500
12600 This will cause some note to end at exactly 8". The last note before
12700 time 8" will be in the range of .1" to .3", i.e. in the range from
12800 the lowest number in the random limits up to the highest number, plus
12900 or minus N2 (the 2nd number in P12 above.)
13000
13100
13200
13300 ****** QUADRAPHONIC FEATURES (WORK IN PROGRESS 6/74) *****
13400
13500 QUAD is for circles or arcs. QUADX is for straight lines using X, Y
13600 coordinates.
13700
13800 QUAD is a special set of subroutines which must be loaded
13900 with SCORE. The routines to be loaded are QUAD, QUADO, and SAVB.
14000 A QUAD call must be made in the first of any set of 5
14100 parameters. The word QUAD (or QUADX, etc.) must be followed by a
14200 space, slash (/). Other code words, such as MOVE, NUM, etc. can
14300 appear anywhere before the / but if ALL is used it must come before!
14400 QUAD. **** The 5th parameter must not! be used in your input.
14500
14600 QUAD will produce circles. The first parameter used will
14700 contain the position along the arc in degrees. (Usually a MOVE will
14800 also appear in this parameter.) The second parameter will contain the
14900 size of the radius. All distances used with QUAD will be in terms of
15000 an X, Y coordinate system where speaker A is at position -10,10,
15100 speaker B is at 10,10, speaker C is at 10,-10 and speaker D is at
15200 -10,-10. The third and fourth parameters will have the X and Y
15300 values for the location of the center of the circle. Hence if you
15400 wish a circle to go exactly through all four speakers, you should set
15500 the second parameter at 14.14 (the distance from the center to 10,10,
15600 etc.) and the third and fourth parameters to 0.
15700
15800 When using QUADX only the first two parameters are
15900 significant, the first being the X and the second the Y of the X, Y
16000 coordinate system. (The fifth parameter will always be wasted.)
16100
16200 If no F is included with QUAD or QUADX the numbers printed
16300 out by SCORE for the first through fifth parameter will be the
16400 multipliers for the amplitude in channels A, B, C and D and the
16500 multiplier to be applied to pitch input to produce the required
16600 Doppler shift. ***** In its present state, this form of QUAD can be
16700 used with only one! instrument at a time.***** This will be expanded
16800 eventually.
16900
17000 QUADF or QUADFX will cause SCORE to produce a file with 5
17100 functions that can be read directly into the MUSIC program. These
17200 functions should be used to control the amplitude of speakers A
17300 through D and the Doppler shift . This is currently the best way to
17400 use QUAD.
17500
17600 Some examples:
17700
17800 To move in a straight line from directly to the left of the listener to
17900 directly to the right.
18000
18100 DUMMY 0 512;
18200 P2 1; < WILL PRODUCE 512 DUMMY NOTES.
18300 P10 QUADFX MOVE/512 -20 20; <The function for spkr A will be F10
18400 P11 0; < The Y pos. will not change. Spkr B will use F11
18500 END;
18600 RUN;
18700
18800
18900 The following will produce a circle with the center directly
19000 between speakers A and B and the arc passing through the listener.
19100 (These routines have not! been fully tested so don't expect full
19200 success with dramatic effects.)
19300
19400 DUMMY 0 512;
19500 P2 1;
19600 P7 QUADF MOV/512 0 360; < Will move through a circle in a
19700 clock-wise direction starting and finishing directly
19800 above the center. F7 will be function for spkr. A.
19900 P8 15; < Radius will be 15 units. F8 will be for spkr B.
20000 P9 0; < X coord. of center. F9 is for spkr C.
20100 P10 15; < Y coord. P10 is for spkr D, P11 for Doppler.
20200 RUN;
20300
20400 Note that the center of the circle and the radius may also be MOVEd.
20500
20600
20700 **THIS IS NOT CURRENTLY IN SCORE- this info is not complete!!! 6/75
00100 ********** SECTION 10 **********
00200
00300 xxxxx DUTY FACTOR (DF) xxxxx
00400
00500 DF CAN SERVE THREE PURPOSES. IF DF IS GREATER THAN ZERO AND LESS
00600 THAN 100 (THE USUAL USE OF DF) NOTES WILL SOUND ONLY DF% OF THE
00700 TIME STATED IN P2. In this case, DF should not exceed 1 (i.e. 100%)
00800 unless some provision is made re. overlapping notes of one instrument
00900 (usually forbidden).
01000
01100 ***** if DF is made negative, the absolute value of DF will be
01200 the duration of a rest following each note.
01300
01400 ***** if 100 is added to DF, DF-100 will be the fixed duration
01500 of each note. A following rest will fill the time remaining
01600 before the next note.
01700
01800 In both this and the previous situation, if the total
01900 original note duration is less than the value of DF, then
02000 no change will take place.
02100
02200 IF A REMAINING VALUE IS ZERO OR LESS, P2 WILL BE CHANGED TO P2/2.
02300
02400 Normally DF=1, i.e. The envelope for a .5" note will last exactly
02500 .5". If DF=.3, the envelope will last .15" (i.e. .5*.3) followed by
02600 .35" of silence. 'DF' may be set with any of the ways of dealing
02700 with simple numbers. 'DF' should appear immediately after the
02800 parameter number (and a space), then any other code word pertaining
02900 to numbers may be used. (Use any parameter not needed by the
03000 instrument.)
03100
03200 Example: P6 DF NUM/ < List of numbers will be duty factors.
03300 1/.5/.7/1;<If P2=.5, a notes will all start at .5"
03400 intervals.
03500
03600 or: P6 DF MOVE/10 1 .3; <The duty factor changes.
03700
03800 or: P6 DF .7; < The duty factor remains at 70%.
03900
04000 P6 DF -.1; < all notes followed by .1" rest
04100
04200 P6 DF 100.2; < all notes sound for only .2"
04300
04400 **** NOTE: DF affects P2 only.
04500
04600
04700
04800
04900
05000 *************** INVISIBLE *********************
05100
05200 If the letter I (or the whole word INVISIBLE) is found after an
05300 instrument name, that instrument name, as well as P1 and P2, will
05400 not! print in the score. This is useful for entering changes in SEG
05500 or SYNTH that are to follow set time patterns. When using INVISIBLE,
05600 P3 should usually have some identifier in quotes. If for any reason
05700 it were desired to have the values of P1 and P2 appear after P3,
05800 simply set P4 P1; and P5 P2;. Then consider that what would normally
05900 be P3 will now be entered as P6, etc.
06000
06100
06200 DUM1 INVIS 0 10; The name DUM1, P1 and P2 will be invisible.
06300 P2 1; The two instrument names will
06400 P3 LIT/"GLISS"/"BLOP"; alternate from note to note.
06500 P4 P1; P5 P2; P4 and P5 will print P1 and P2.
06600 - - - etc.
06700
06800 See SEG and SYNTH for further use of INVISIBLE.
06900 *******Note that Tempo Factor changes will not!! show up when P2 is
07000 transferred to some other parameter.************
07100
07200 ************* TAP (for real time RHYTHM) **************
07300
07400 Use 'TAP' to read in lists of note durations prepared with the
07500 'RHYTHM' program. Such lists are treated by 'SCORE' exactly as if
07600 you had typed in a long string of values under 'NUM'. (The 'RHYthm'
07700 program allows you to tap out note durations with two telegraph keys.
07800 The program is self-instructional.)
07900
08000 Type the name (use 5 spaces) under which you have saved the RHYTHM
08100 list on the line after the parameter number.
08200
08300 Example: P2 TAP; 'BEATS' is the name of the list
08400 BEATS ; created by the 'RHYthm' program.
08500
08600 ('TEMPO' and 'TF'[TEMPO factor] will affect any data in P2 except
08700 that entered by the 'EDIT' and 'INSERT' features.)
08800
08900
09000 ********** RTAP (coordinates real time input parts) ***********
09100
09200 This is similar to 'TAP' except that you must indicate at what points
09300 the parts are to be coordinated. Under the name of the 'RTAP' input
09400 file you must type a string of pairs of numbers. The 1st of each pair
09500 will be a duration in rhythmic units (i.e.quarter notes, whole notes
09600 etc.) the 2nd will be the total num of notes to be fitted into that
09700 rhythmic time.
09800
09900 With 'RTAP' you must consider that the TEMPO is relatively stable
10000 when tapping the rhythm for each part. Any overall TEMPO changes
10100 will be entered with 'TEMPO' or 'CONDUCT'.
10200
10300 In the following example the 1st 7 notes will fit into 1 whole note
10400 (4 basic seconds) of time. Note #8 will begin exactly on the 2nd
10500 whole note of time. The next 14 notes will fit into the next 6
10600 quarter notes of time. finally the last 3 notes will fit into a half
10700 note of time.
10800
10900 Example: P2 RTAP;
11000 RUBAT; Name of 'RTAP' input for this inst.
11100 1/7 /1,2/14 /2/ 3; three pairs.
11200 ';' will end the list.
11300
11400 ***** DUPL N; *****
11500
11600 Use this for duplicating instruments already set up. This is similar
11700 to 'REP' except that all the parameter data entered to this point
11800 will be copied. 'DUPL' must appear just after an instrument name. A
11900 different begin time may be given the new instrument. The parameter
12000 data in effect at that time will be duplicated, but all further
12100 changes must be dealt with in the ordinary ways. (For MOVE data to be
12200 properly interpreted, the begin times of instruments involved must!
12300 be the same.)
12400
12500 Example: ZAP2 1,30; Starting with note 30 of instrument 1 all
12600 DUPL 2; instrument 2's data will be copied by ZAP2.
12700 P7 25; END; Any parameter may be reset immediately.
12800
12900 Once a parameter is set by 'DUPL' or 'REP' it will continue to follow
13000 any changes occurring in the original or leading instrument unless
13100 the parameter has been reset in the instrument at hand.
13200
13300 BUZZ 0 20; P2 1; P3 C4; P4 400; END;
13400 ZAP 0 20; DUPL 1; P3 E4; END; P3 has been reset.
13500 BUZZ 10; P3 G4; P4 500; END; P4 of ZAP will go to 500, P3 of ZAP will
13600 not change.
13700
13800
13900 'DUPL' will not duplicate 'TAP' input. (In some cases '9999.02' could
14000 be used.)
14100
14200
14300 ***** ALL *****
14400
14500 If several parameters are to be the same for all instruments the word
14600 "ALL" may be inserted after any parameter number. The data in that
14700 parameter will then appear in all instruments with a higher
14800 instrument number used. If some instruments are not to use the "ALL"
14900 data, their data may be entered in the usual way on a later line. It
15000 will override the "ALL" data.
15100
15200 BUZZ 0 1 12 ALL; P2 ALL 1; P3 C4 ALL; P4 200 ALL; END;
15300 This data for all unless changes appear.
15400
15500 HISS ; P3 G4; END; 'HISS' changes P3 to G4.
15600
15700 ZAP 0 1 18; P2 .7; END; 'ZAP' plays 18 NOTES, P2=.7"
15800
15900 TOOT ; RUN; 'TOOT' uses all data of 'BUZZ'.
16000
16100 Special care must be taken when using 'MOVE' with 'ALL'.
16200 Check your score carefully. "ALL" will not work with P31.
16300
16400
00100 ********** SECTION 11 **********
00200
00300 ***** 'SEG' and 'SYNTH' *****
00400
00500 If any functions are to be redefined in the course of a score, by
00600 means of the INVISIBLE feature, 'SEG' and 'SYNTH' may be treated as
00700 'instruments' -- with the difference that P1 and P2 will not be
00800 printed out. P3 will be reserved for the function name plus the
00900 ';'. This data must appear with quotes. (See Section 10.)
01000
01100 Using 'SYNTH', suppose you should wish to change from a mixture of
01200 66% fundamental and 34% 2nd harmonic to 0% fund., 34% 2nd harmonic
01300 and 66% 3rd harmonic over a period of 20 seconds at 1 second
01400 intervals.
01500
01600 Example: DUMY1 INVIS 0 20;
01700 P2 1;
01800 P3 "SYNTH(F1);"; Sets the function number.
01900
02000 P4 1; The first semicolon in the line above is part of
02100 the data.
02200 P5 MOVE/20 .66,0;
02300 P6 2; P7 .34; P8 3; P9 MOVE/20 0,.66;
02400 P10 999; END; SYNTH data must always end with '999'.
02500
02600 If the number of parameters needed for 'SYNTH' is to vary from
02700 time to time, set the number to the maximum needed at the beginning
02800 and always set all the unused pairs to 1,0 (fundamental at 0 ampl.).
02900
03000 With 'SEG' there are some special problems since the number of
03100 'steps' must add up to exactly 100 and no numbers may follow the
03200 last amplitude given. Thus if the number of parameters needed is
03300 variable, all those following the last used must contain ';'.
03400
03500 Suppose you wish a glissando rate in F12 to change in 5
03600 steps during 20" from 'SEG(F12);0,1 1,100;' (slow) to 'SEG(F12);0,1
03700 0,80 1,100;' (fast).
03800 Set up 'SEG' with 9 parameters. Set P2 to the times desired for each
03900 change of F12. Use quotes with P3 to enter '(F12);'.
04000
04100 Example: DUMY2 INVIS 0 20; P2 4; P3 "SEG(F12)"; (P4 will be 0)
04200 P5 1; (P6 will be 0)
04300 P7 NUM/1/20/40/60/80;
04400 P8 1; P9 100; END ; No '999' is needed with 'SEG'.
04500
04600 ***** Code words not used in conjunction with instrument names *****
04700
04800 INSERT
04900 EDIT
05000 TEMPO
05100 CONDUCT
05200
05300 xxxxx INSERT N1(,N2,N3); xxxxx (Be sure to leave a space before N1.)
05400
05500 This is useful for adding single notes or comments. A total of 19
05600 lines may be added.
05700
05800 A line may be added at a specific point in time or in terms of a note
05900 number.
06000
06100 A single number after insert will be the insert's entry time in
06200 seconds. If two numbers are given, they will be the instrument number
06300 and note number before which the insert will appear. If any 3rd
06400 number is given, 'INSERT' will reproduce several lines of text. To
06500 end the input type '*' in column one of a final line. This will not
06600 appear in the printout.
06700
06800 'INSERT -99;' Will cause the insert to appear before! the 'PLAY;'
06900 statement. This is useful if the output "flags", RCDFLG or BIGBIT,
07000 are to be reset in your score. (RCDFLG is normally set to 0.)
07100
07200 An entry time in seconds will be in 'basic time', i.e. not affected
07300 by 'TEMPO' or 'TF' changes.
07400
07500 Example: INSERT 2.5; Next line will appear at 2.5" 'basic
07600 time'.
07700 SEG(F2);0,1 1,100;
07800
07900 INSERT 3,45; Next line will appear just before note
08000 45 of inst 3.
08100 PRINT(P4);
08200
08300 INSERT 5,0,1; Next lines will appear at time 5".
08400 P23←526;
08500 RA←0;
08600 RB←0;
08700 * This line will not appear in score.
08800
08900 Up to 75 characters may be entered in each line. A 'comment' for the
09000 score may be typed by beginning the entry with '<' and ending with
09100 ';'. If note data is to be inserted, be careful that P1 and P2 are
09200 consistent with the requirements of the music program.
09300
09400 xxxxx EDIT N1,N2(,N3) xxxxx
09500
09600 'EDIT' allows you to edit any single parameter (except P1) already
09700 written in the score or you may replace the entire list of parameters
09800 for any given note. 'EDIT' supercedes all choices made by other
09900 means.
10000
10100 N1=inst number. N2=note number. N3=parameter number.
10200
10300 If you type only 2 numbers (inst & note numbers), you will have to
10400 insert the instrument name and all! parameters for that note and what
10500 you type will appear exactly as is in the score. Be sure that P1
10600 and P2 are correct. 75 spaces may be used. If you also type the
10700 parameter number, you may enter new data for that parameter and note
10800 only.
10900
11000 When P2 is edited it may only be a number. (Also - P2, when edited,
11100 will not be affected by 'TEMPO' or 'TF'changes.) P3-30 may use up to
11200 5 characters. What you type will appear as is. Do not use quotes.
11300
11400 N.B. If note pitches are edited (using the tempered scale) they must
11500 be entered as C, C/2, CS*4, etc., not as C4, C3, CS6, etc.
11600
11700
11800 xxxxx TEMPO (N) xxxxx
11900
12000 This is used to make TEMPO changes for all instruments at once, 'N'
12100 is begin time (in basic time) of first TEMPO change.
12200
12300 →→→ When TEMPO is used for the 1st time 'N' must!! equal zero. When
12400 'N' is omitted, =0 is assumed. Metronome numbers from 20 up or TEMPO
12500 factors from .1 to 10 may be entered. Any number larger than 10 will
12600 be understood as a MM number.
12700
12800 The duration of a TEMPO change is always in terms of 'basic time',
12900 I.E. when the 'overall TEMPO factor' is 1 or a quarter note=1 sec.
13000 (Of course a quarter note might not equal 1 sec. If TEMPO changes
13100 have been entered with 'RHY'. The important thing is that the TEMPO
13200 factor is '1' until changed by 'TEMPO'.)
13300
13400 Normally, 3 numbers will be given on each line. N1=duration N2=tempo
13500 at start of dur. N3=tempo at end of dur. Up to 30 changes may be
13600 made at a time. The tempo may be set in either of two ways.
13700 Conventional metronome numbers may be used, (I.e. mm=the number of
13800 quarter notes per minute), or the tempo may be set in terms of 'tempo
13900 factors'. The 'tempo factor' 1 is equivalent to mm=60. 'Tempo
14000 factors' must be less than 10, 'mm' numbers must be greater than 11.
14100 If only one number is given after 'TEMPO' it will be taken as a fixed
14200 tempo, not as a duration.
14300
14400 To avoid confusion it is best to enter all TEMPO information in one
14500 string.
14600
14700 Example: TEMPO /20 60/ < 1st 20 beats stay at MM=60
14800 12 60 120/ < accel. to 120 during 12 beats.
14900 20 120/ < stay at 120 for 20 beats.
15000 7 120 40; < retard during 7 beats. Stay at 40.
15100
15200 P1 and P2 values in 'INSERT' and 'EDIT' notes remain unchanged by
15300 'TEMPO' and 'TF' and hence must be reset.
15400
15500
15600 xxxxx CONDUCT xxxxx
15700
15800 Use 'CONDUCT' to read in a list of TEMPO changes prepared with the
15900 'RHYTHM' program. (See also 'TAP' on page 6.) The list is treated by
16000 score as if you had typed in a TEMPO change for each beat. You
16100 cannot use 'TEMPO' if you use 'CONDUCT'. (You may use 'TF' however.
16200 see page 16.)
16300
16400 Example: CONDUCT ;
16500 60X ; '60X' might be the name of the list created
16600 by the 'RHYTHM' program.
16700
16800 (Note: You cannot use 'TAP' or 'RTAP' with inst 27 if you plan to use
16900 'CONDUCT'.)
17000
17100
17200 ******** SEMICOLONS **********
17300
17400 Many items may be put on one line. Semicolons must separate the items
17500 and the line must end with a ';'.
17600
17700 Example: BUZZ 0 10; P2 1; P3 C4 ; P5 100; P7 0; END;
17800 ZAP 3,15; P5 .73 ; P6 100.2 ; END;
17900 HISS 0 5; P2 .1; P3 1 C4,B; RUN;
18000
18100 →→→→ A new line must always be used after the word 'END' .
18200
18300
18400
00100 ********** SECTION 12 **********
00200
00300
00400 ********** How to run 'SCORE' **********
00500
00600
00700 To run 'SCORE' type 'R SCORE'. The TTY will respond by typing 'TYPE
00800 FILE NAME'.
00900
01000 You should type the name of the edit file containing all your
01100 parameter data.
01200
01300 Following the file name up to 4 numbers (N1, N2, N3, N4) may be
01400 typed. (See also 'TYPE' and 'EDIT' at end of this section.)
01500
01600 N1=TEMPO FACTOR (TF) N2=amplitude factor (ampfac)
01700 N3=seconds to be omitted N4=duration at cutoff
01800
01900 (If you type 'INFO' or 'HELP' for the file name a resume of the above
02000 and how many instruments are available is typed out.)
02100
02200 If no numbers are typed the following is assumed: N1=1, N2=1, N3=0,
02300 N4=19999.
02400
02500
02600 The following explains the various possibilities.
02700
02800
02900 xxxxx TF xxxxx
03000
03100
03200 The 'TEMPO FACTOR' controls all time elements in the score. If it is
03300 set to 2, all P1 and P2 time will move twice as fast. (I.e. The time
03400 values will be cut in half.) If it is set to .333, all time will be 3
03500 times as long, etc.
03600
03700 'TF' is set at 1 (or MM=60) at start of program.
03800
03900 None of the time values printed at the top of the score are affected
04000 by the overall TEMPO FACTOR.
04100
04200 The 'TEMPO FACTOR' will always automatically reset itself to '1' at
04300 the end of each run. Any values for P1 or P2 set with 'INSERT' or
04400 'EDIT' will not! be changed by 'TF' or 'TEMPO' changes. If such
04500 values are not reset errors will occur in the sound generating
04600 program.
04700
04800 xxxxx AMPFAC xxxxx
04900
05000 This controls the values in P4 only. If amplitude data occurs in
05100 other parameters leave AMPFAC at 1. If you set AMPFAC (N2) at 1.5,
05200 all P4 numbers will be increased by 50%.
05300 If AMPFAC is to be changed but not 'TF', a 1 or 0 must appear for
05400 'TF'.
05500
05600 Example: TTY -- TYPE FILE NAME
05700 You -- ZOOM 0 1.5 <CR>
05800
05900
06000 xxxxx OMIT xxxxx
06100
06200 Use this for testing small sections of long note lists. Example:
06300 suppose you wish to run only 5 seconds from the end of a 25" list.
06400
06500 Example: ZOOM 0 0 20
06600
06700 Be careful regarding 'INSERT' and 'EDIT' NOTES. The P1 time of such
06800 NOTES is unaffected by 'OMIT'.
06900 Also the 'TEMPO FACTOR' does not interact with 'OMIT' or 'DURATION'.
07000 If you use 'TF' and 'OMIT' together, first get a listing with 'TF'
07100 set as you wish it, then set 'OMIT' according to those time values.
07200 'OMIT' will always automatically reset itself to '0' at the end of
07300 each run.
07400
07500
07600 xxxxx DURATION xxxxx
07700
07800 If you wish to set the actual duration to something less than that
07900 given in the input list type the new duration as the fourth number.
08000
08100 To play the first 10" of a 25" note list type:
08200 ZOOM 0 0 0 10
08300
08400 To play the section from time 6.2" to 12.35" type:
08500 ZOOM 0 0 6.2 12.35
08600
08700 Sometimes roundoff problems occur. Check your note lists carefully.
08800
08900
09000 Next the TTY will type:
09100 'TO DSK=1, TTY=2, BOTH=0, LPT=22, PROOF=3, DEBUG=4'
09200
09300 If you type a '3' the actual duration of the note list will
09400 eventually appear on the TTY and the numbers of items found in the
09500 various lists.
09600
09700 If you type '4', the contents of the 'V array' will be printed.
09800
09900 If you type a second number it will become the initial random number.
10000
10100 If you type any third number it will cause the listing of all input
10200 data to be suppressed. It will not affect the list written on the
10300 disk.
10400
10500 A FOURTH NUMBER WILL CAUSE ONLY THE INSTRUMENT OF THAT NUMBER TO
10600 PRINT OUT IN THE SCORE. THIS IS USEFUL TO TRY OUT A SINGLE
10700 INSTRUMENT OF A MULTI-VOICE SCORE AT A TIME.
10800
10900 Example: TTY -- 'TO DSK=1, TTY=2, BOTH=0, LPT=22, PROOF=3, DEBUG=4'
11000 You -- 2 399 1 2
11100
11200 OUTPUT WILL BE ON TTY ONLY, THE INITIAL RANDOM NUMBER IS 399,
11300 THE INPUT LIST WILL NOT PRINT OUT, ONLY INST.2 WILL APPEAR.
11400
11500
11600
11700
11800
11900
12000
12100
12200 xxxxx TYPE xxxxx
12300
12400 If when SCORE is started you type 'TYPE' instead of a file name a
12500 complete note data-list may be entered directly to SCORE without
12600 recourse to an outside editor. Care must be taken as there is no
12700 provision for backing up to correct an earlier line. After the word
12800 'RUN' is entered all data typed is put into a disk file known as
12900 FOR21.DAT which may be later edited like any other file. If this
13000 data is to be kept it is advisable to rename the file as any later
13100 use of the 'TYPE' feature will create a new FOR21.DAT file.
13200
13300
13400 xxxxx EDIT --- Editing SCORE input as it is read in. xxxxx
13500
13600 If 'EDIT' is given as the file name when SCORE is started each line
13700 of input may be changed. You will be asked again to 'TYPE FILE
13800 NAME'. Now enter the edit file name. As each line appears the
13900 program questions if changes are to be made. 'Y' (=yes) indicates a
14000 change. In this case the complete line, with changes, must be
14100 retyped. A <CR> is taken to mean no changes are desired. No new
14200 lines may be inserted but lines may be lengthed to 72 characters. 'G'
14300 (=go) may be used to escape from this edit mode. If this type of
14400 editing is anticipated when the file is first set up it is advisable
14500 to use very short lines of text.
14600
00100 ********** SECTION 13 **********
00200
00300
00400 ********* SECTIONS ********
00500
00600 If certain blocks of data are to recur they may be given section
00700 names which can be called upon several times.
00800
00900 SECTION A;
01000 TOOT 0 20; P2 .1; P3 NO/ B4/ A/ G; P4 500; END;
01100 END SECTION;
01200
01300 SECTION B;
01400 BUZZ 0 20; P2 .25; P3 1 C2,G3; P4 800; END;
01500 END SECTION;
01600
01700 BUZZ ; P5 F1; END;
01800
01900
02000 TOOT 5 -4; END; A 4" rest begins after time 5".
02100
02200 PLAY A 9;
02300
02400 BUZZ 7 -3; END;
02500
02600 PLAY B 10;
02700
02800 BUZZ 10; P4 150; END;
02900
03000 TOOT 13; P3 NOTES/ CS5/ DS/ E/ FS; END;
03100
03200 PLAY A 18;
03300 RUN;
03400
03500 Sections are identified by any single character. They are terminated
03600 by 'END SECTION'. In the above example, anytime the data appearing
03700 in 'SECTION A' is to be used after its 1st use the line 'PLAY
03800 A,N1,N2;' must appear. N1 and N2 are numbers used to set the begin
03900 time of each play. If N2 is 0 or does not appear the begin time is
04000 in seconds. If 2 numbers appear, the 1st is an instrument number,
04100 the 2nd a note number.
04200
04300 'SECTION' may be used at any time in the data list. A 'PLAY' may
04400 appear anywhere after a section has been designated. At any time the
04500 data of a section may be over-ridden by listing new data for any of
04600 the parameters. Above, at time 10" P4 of BUZZ will change to 150.
04700 etc.
04800
04900 Be sure to check your score carefully when using this feature in
05000 conjunction with 'ALL', 'MOVE', 'DUPL', and 'REP'.
00100 ********** SECTION 14 **********
00200
00300 ∞∞∞∞∞∞ How to play more than a couple of seconds of sound. ∞∞∞∞∞∞∞∞∞
00400
00500 **********IGNORE THE NEXT SECTION (DOWN TO REVERB).
00600 *************** IT A BEEN CHANGED.**********************
00700 In the sound generating program when '*' appears type: 'RCDFLG←1;'
00800 Type 'BIGBIT←1' if maximum amplitudes are in doubt. This will cause
00900 the computed sound samples to be written out on the disk in a series
01000 of files beginning with the name MUSAA.DMD. If BIGBIT←-1; samples go
01100 to MTA0. Be sure that RCDFLG and/or BIGBIT are set to zero when these
01200 features are not being used.*****
01300
01400 For operation with RCDFLG or BIGBIT it is best if 'LSBUF' is between
01500 1000 and 2000. With RCDFLG you may also type 'DOPLAY←1;' if you wish
01600 each buffer full of sound to play over the speakers while the
01700 computation is proceeding.
01800
01900 When your music has finished computing make a note of the last name
02000 that appears on the TTY. (e.g. MUSAQ)
02100
02200 When in this mode the program writes a 'SAVE' file on the disk after
02300 every 33000 words of omputing. This file bears the name of whatever
02400 you last typed as input to the program plus the extension '.SAV'. If
02500 the computer dies while the program is running, after it is restarted
02600 simply type 'RUN NAME.SAV CORE' where 'NAME' is what you had last
02700 entered and 'CORE' is the proper core size of the job. The job will
02800 take up where it last saved itself.
02900
03000 (If you were writing on MAGTAPE the tape must also be
03100 repositioned with the TAPNEW program.)
03200
03300 To play long pieces you must first convert all your '.DMD' files to
03400 one long file called 'MUSIC.MUS'. This is done by the 'CONNEW'
03500 program. Type 'EX CONNEW[MUS,LCS]'. (EX=execute) For name #1 type
03600 'MUSAA' if that is the first name. (<CR>=MUSAA) Then type the last
03700 name noted earlier. (e.g. MUSAQ)
03800
03900 The TTY will type the file names as the conversion takes place.
04000
04100 Next type 'EX sOUND[MUS,LCS]'. SOUND is self-instructional. If the
04200 UDP (user disk pack) is used it must! be assigned. To play from the
04300 UDP use 'UDPNEW[MUS,LCS]' instead of SOUND.
04400
04500 *** RCDFLG←-1; ***
04600
04700 Use this when running from 5 to 30 seconds of sound. This causes one
04800 long file (MUSAA.DMD) to be written on the disk which can be played
04900 directly by SOUND without any conversion. Be sure to delete
05000 MUSAA.DMD before leaving! With RCDFLG←-1; there are no save
05100 features.
05200
05300 Use the 'TAPNEW[MUS,LCS]' program for storing .DMD files on tape for
05400 later use. To add to files already on tape, type 'END' as name #1.
05500 To move to end of a particular file name, type 'NAME END'. The files
05600 may be converted directly from the tape or, by typing 'RESTORE' as
05700 name #1, they will be written back on the DSK. <CR> as the final name
05800 restores the entire tape.
05900
06000 **** HOW TO SET FILE NAMES ****
06100
06200 THE FIRST OF ANY SERIES OF FILE NAMES MAY BE SET TO SPECIAL NAMES BY
06300 USING OTHER NUMBERS FOR RCDFLG OR BIGBIT.
06400
06500 ANY MINUS NUMBER WITH RCDFLG WILL WRITE A SINGLE LONG FILE.
06600 RCDFLG=-2 WILL WRITE MUSAB, =-3 WILL WRITE MUSAC, =-26 WILL WRITE
06700 MUSAZ, =-27 WILL WRITE MUSBA, ETC.
06800
06900 ANY PLUS NUMBER FOR RCDFLG WILL WRITE A SERIES OF 33K FILES. IF
07000 RCDFLG=4 THE SERIES WILL START WITH MUSAD AND CONTINUE WITH MUSAE,
07100 MUSAF, ETC. =27 WILL START WITH MUSBA AND CONTINUE WITH MUSBB, ETC.
07200 THESE SAME GENERAL RULES WILL APPLY FOR BIGBIT.
07300
07400
07500
07600 XXXXXXXX REVERB XXXXXXXXX
07700
07800 If you are using reverberation and are computing your music in
07900 several sections it is necessary to set P2 for the 'RV' instruments
08000 in a special way.
08100
08200 In place of P2 the following must appear: 'DUR(N1,N2,N3)'. N1=P2
08300 N2=SPEED(as set by you someplace earlier) N3=NCHNS(num. of channels).
08400
08500 This is all necessary to avoid having some blank samples (which might
08600 cause clicks) at the ends of sections.
08700
08800 Example: INPUT? TTY:
08900 *REVINIT←1;R←0; (assuming 'R' is in the reverb insts.)
09000 *PLAY;RV1 0 DUR(11.3451,4,2);RV2;
09100 *<CNTRL Z>
09200 INPUT? DSK:NAME.SCR
09300 0 0 1 3 5 5.3 7 7.2 9 . . . . ETC.
09400 (the numbers are P1 for each note.)
09500
09600 [******* this section is not up to date. 11/76 **********]
09700 If a new section is to be begun with a continuation of the
09800 reverberation, the next call on the reverb instruments must be
09900 preceded by:
10000
10100 REVINIT←0;
10200
00100 ********** SECTION 15 **********
00200
00300
00400 The following contains examples of most features of 'SCORE'.
00500
00600 THE EDIT FILE NAME WILL BE TEST. (USE UP TO 5 LETTERS.)
00700 TEST.SCR will be the name of the note list.
00800
00900 If the first column is blank the line will be ignored.
01000
01100 BUZZ ; instrument 1=BUZZ, begin time=0", duration=# of notes
01200 in 'NOTES' (P3).
01300 P2 RHY/ RHY=next entries will be in terms of musical rhythm.
01400 4/8/16/1/-8/ quarter note, eighth, sixteenth, whole, eighth rest
01500 4,8/1,16/ dotted quarter, whole tied to sixteenth
01600 8,16 X 5/2 X 3/ five dotted eighths, three half notes
01700 -12/20/ -12=1/8 note triplet rest(1/12 of a whole), 20=1/5 of
01800 a quarter
01900 4//8///-8,16/ two quarters, three eighths, a dotted eighth rest
02000 16//4/8,16/REP 3,5; the previous 3 entries will play 5 times
02100 ';' signals the end of the list of entries
02200
02300 P3 NOTES/ notes of the tempered scale may be entered
02400 C1/CS/D/ C1=lowest C on piano keyboard. S=sharp. F=flat.
02500 DS/E/ The octave range will remain the same until changed.
02600 FS4/DS/C/R/ F# above middle C, D#, middle C, R=rest.
02700 DF5//D//// Two Db's in 5th octave, four D's.
02800 C3/G/E/G/X 4,3/ The pattern is played 3 times.
02900 REP 27/ Everything thus far will repeat.
03000 FS6 X 9/FINE; Nine F#'s, 'FINE' marks conclusion for BUZZ.
03100 ';' concludes list.
03200
03300 P4 NUM/ A list of numbers will be entered.
03400 100//200/300 X 4/ A total of seven numbers.
03500 50/X 3/9999.02/ The sequence 300,300,50 will play twice.
03600 REP 12,3; The entire string of numbers entered will play 3
03700 times. 9999.02 will cause the data of P2 to appear at
03800 that point.
03900
04000 P5 FUNC/ A list of functions. (Use only F1 through F15 in a
04100 list).
04200 2//10 X 3/5; =F2,F2,F10,F10,F10,F5. 'REP' may also be used.
04300 Every 'list' must end with a ';'.
04400
04500 P6 LIT/
04600 "P3*P4"/"P3+P4"///Surround items by quotes. 2nd item appears 3 times.
04700 "AS"/",-1"/"1"/; Comma precedes minus sign. There are no REP features
04800 with LIT.
04900 ';' will end list. Last item will appear twice.
05000
05100 Next will be random selection of literal strings.
05200 Use no more than two lines.
05300 The 1st of each pair is a % number.
05400 P7 .2 "P3*P4" .3 "P6" .33 "101.3" .17 "2";
05500 20% of the time it will pick "P3*P4",etc.
05600 P8 MOVE/ To move from one number to another over a given dura-
05700 tion.
05800 5 10 150/ During 5" P8 will change from 10 to 150.
05900 3 80 43; During next 3", from 80 to 43.
06000 End with ';'. P8 will stay at last number.(43)
06100 P9 MOVE/
06200 6 CS5 FS4; During 6" P9 will move down from C# to F#.
06300 ; After 6" it will stay on F#.
06400
06500 P10 MOVE/20 10,40 100,400/ If there are 5 numbers, the last two pairs
06600 10 30,100 30,30; will be random selection ranges. (see comments)
06700
06800 P11 MOVE/11.4 C2,F2 G3,C5/ Moving ranges of random selection of temp-
06900 ered notes.
07000 3 A4,A4 A4,A4/ Stays on A for 3".
07100 5 A4,A4 C2,F2; Returns to change of departure.
07200 Octave numbers must always be given with 'MOVE'.
07300 END ; Ends entries for this instrument at this begin time.
07400
07500 BUZZ 7.5; Entries beginning at time 7.5"
07600 P7 263.5; This number will repeat for each note until changed.
07700 P5 F11; " function " " " " " " ".
07800 (up to F15 only)
07900 P9 AS3; This note will " " " " " "(no F's)
08000 If param numbers are skipped, they will print
08100 out as zeros.
08200 Next gives random selection within specified ranges.
08300 30% chance between 1 & 4, 22% between 10 & 15, etc.
08400 P13 .3 1,4 .22 10,15 .18 20,30 .3 55,55 ; (P13 was 0 until now.)
08500 Next gives random selection of tempered notes.
08600 P15 .1 CS3,F3 .5 C4,DS4 .4 FS6,B6;
08700 P16 1 10,20; 100% of the time, a number between 10 and 20.
08800 P14 P13; Will repeat selections of P13 in P14.
08900 P17 9999.02; END; This repeats data of P2.
09000 Ends entries for BUZZ at time 7.5"
09100
09200 TOOT 0 2,15; Inst 2=TOOT, begin time=0",
09300 2,15 means inst2 will play 15 notes.
09400 P2 REP; Will repeat data of previous
09500 instrument for this param number.
09600 P3 REP 9; Repeats P9 of previous instrument.
09700 P5 REP 3,2; Repeats P3 of instrument 2.
09800 (i.e. TOOT. just ';' does the same.)
09900 P6 REP 6,1 4; Will repeat P6 of inst 1 in this
10000 and all insts through #4.
10100 P31 .05; P31 sets random tempo range to + or - .05"
10200 It will never vary more than .05"
10300 P32 .2; END; P32 sets % of random rests.
10400
10500 CLAR 2 9.45; Begin time=2", dur=9.45".
10600 P2 RHY/TEMPO/ TEMPO will be set for this instrument individually.
10700 7 84 112/ Moves from MM=84 to MM=112 during 7".(7 quarter NOTES)
10800 11.3 112 46/ Retards to MM=46 during 11.3".
10900 1 96 96; Shifts to MM=96, stays there.
11000 ';' ends 'TEMPO' entries.
11100 4 X 7/8,16/16/REP 2,15; Rhythmic items follow directly.
11200
11300 P3 C4; P4 100; P5 ; P5 will repeat data of param just before.
11400 (Don't use with P31-32)
11500 P32 MOVE/ (the above = rep 3,4/)
11600 4 .1 .5/ Random rests will change from 10% to 50% in 4".
11700 3 .6 0; " " " " " 60% to 0% in 3".
11800 A ';' is needed to end 'MOVE' entries.
11900 END ;
12000
12100 ZAP 0 8; Inst 4=ZAP, begin time=0", duration=8".
12200 DUPL 2; Will duplicate all data of inst 2 (TOOT) thus
12300 far entered.
12400 P2 RTAP/ Rhythm from telegraph keys, to be coordinated.
12500 NAME / 1st five spaces=name of rhythm data file.
12600 1,4,8/15 /1,1/7 /2,16/5; Coordination comes on 16th,
12700 and 23rd notes and at end.
12800 ';' ends 'RTAP' data.
12900 P4 123; END ; P4 is reset immediately.
13000 TOOT 2,5; Next entries begin on note 5 of instrument 2.
13100 P2 TAP; For rhythm entered with telegraph keys.
13200 NAME2 ; 1st five spaces=name of rhythm data file.
13300 P7 REP 4,3; Data of P4, inst 3 will be repeated.
13400 P8 "P3*P4/2+P16"; This literal string will appear for each note.
13500 P10 SUBN; This will call a subroutine and print numbers.
13600 P11 SUBL;END; " " " " " " " letters.
13700 Be sure to leave at least 1 space after 'INSERT' or 'EDIT'.
13800 INSERT 2.3; Line will appear at time 2.3" (basic time!).
13900 P24←21.3*P4+P8/P11; <Up to 75 characters (including
14000 this comment) will appear.
14100
14200 INSERT 2,7; The next line will appear just before note 7 of inst 2.
14300 PRINT P1;
14400
14500 EDIT 1,8,4; The next will replace P4 in note 8 of inst 1.
14600 440 ; Up to 5 characters may be used (don't include the ; !!)
14700
14800 EDIT 3,11;If no param num is given the entire note must be entered.
14900 CLAR 2.3 .13 AS*2 250; <Up to 75 spaces may be used.
15000 Be sure P1&2 are OK.
15100
15200 TEMPO/ 'TEMPO' changes outside of a particular inst will affect
15300 11 72 144/ P2 for all insts. Be sure to check any time factors
15400 6 144 108/ in other params and all data entries
15500 5 108 /72; which are time dependent. ';' ends TEMPO entries.
15600 RUN;
15700
00100 ********** SECTION 16 **********
00200
00300 *********** Some Supplemental Programs ************
00400
00500 ****** CONNEW ********
00600
00700 **** IGNORE THIS SECTION------ TO BE CHANGED *****
00800 This program reads the .DMD files which are created by MUS10 when
00900 BIGBIT or RCDFLG are set to any non-zero value. A single long file
01000 named MUSIC.MUS is created which is used for the real-time play.
01100
01200 If the IBM 'User Disk Pack' is to be used the UDP must be assigned in
01300 advance. ALWAYS!! BE SURE THAT THE CORRECT UDP IS MOUNTED!!!!!!!!
01400
01500 If CONNEW is asked to read from MAGTAPE it will ask you to type
01600 'MAXAMP'. MAXAMP is the amplitude number that appears at your TTY
01700 when the last .DMD file of your computation is completed. (Just
01800 before INPUT ? appears again.)
01900
02000 When all the .DMD files have been converted CONNEW will ask 'MORE ?'
02100 To add another set of files type YES, otherwise NO or <CR>.
02200
02300
02400 ******* PLAY ***********
02500
02600 This program is used for real-time play.
02700
02800 PLAY reads a single file (TEST.SND) from the disk at
02900 speeds 0-5.
03000
03100
03200
03300 The 'SPEED' numbers are as follows:
03400
03500 6400 SRATE = SPEED 0
03600 12800 " = SPEED 1 (or 6400 SRATE in stereo.)
03700 25600 " = SPEED 2 (or 12800 SRATE in stereo.)
03800 51200 " = SPEED 3 (or 25600 SRATE in stereo.)
03900 128000 " = SPEED 4 (or 25600 SRATE in quadriphonic.)
04000 256000 " = SPEED 5 (or 51200 SRATE in quadriphonic.)
04100
04200
04300 ****** IGNORE NEXT ***************
04400 ************ TAPNEW ************
04500
04600 This program is for putting .DMD files onto MAGTAPE. Ordinarily the
04700 program will copy the .DMD files from the disk onto MTA0 in such a
04800 form that they may be converted directly by CONNEW.
04900
05000 TAPNEW may also be used to restore .DMD files to the disk or copy
05100 them from MTA1 to MTA0.
05200
05300 To restore to disk, type RESTORE when the program asks for NAME #1.
05400 To copy to MTA1, type COPY " " " " " " ".
05500 To add more to tape, type END " " " " " " ".
05600
05700 Other commands that may also be given are BACKSPACE and RESET. If the
05800 system dies while you are computing with BIGBIT←-1 you must! use
05900 BACKSPACE to get back to the proper position on the tape before you
06000 run the appropriate .SAV file.
06100
06200 RESET is used to set the tape in proper position to continue writing
06300 with BIGBIT←-1 after CONNEW has been used.
06400
00100 ********** INDEX **********
00200
00300 SECTION NUMBER
00400 ALL . . . 10
00500 AMPLITUDE FACTOR . . 12
00600 BASIC TIME . . . 9,11 RHYTHM . . . 4,10
00700 BEGIN TIME . . . 1 RTAP . . . 10,11
00800 BIGBIT . . . 14 RUN . . . 2,12
00900 BLANK LINES . . . 1,5 SECTIONS . . . 13
01000 CODE WORDS . . . 4 SEG . . . 11
01100 COMMA . . . 9 SEMICOLON . . . 1,8,12
01200 COMMENTS . . . 1
01300 CONDUCT . . . 11 SPEED . . . 16
01400 CONNEW . . . 16 STAR . . . 4
01500 COUNT . . . 9 SUBROUTINES(SUBN,SUBL) . 9
01600 CUTOFF . . . 9
01700 DOPLAY . . . 14 SYNTH . . . 11
01800 DUPLICATE . . . 10 TAP . . . 10,11
01900 DURATION . . . 1,9,12,14,16 TELEGRAPH KEYS . . . 10
02000 DUTY FACTOR . . . 10 TEMPO . . . 4,10,11
02100 EDIT . . . 11,12 TEMPO FACTOR . . . 4,10,12
02200 END . . . 2,5 TYPE . . . 12
02300 X . . . 5,8
02400 FINE . . . 5
02500 FUNCTIONS . . . 2,5 ZERO . . . 2
02600 INSERT . . . 11
02700 INVERSION . . . 7
02800 INVISIBLE . . . 10,11
02900 LETTERS . . . 5
03000 LITERAL . . . 5
03100 LSBUF . . . 14
03200 METRONOME . . . 4
03300 MOTIVES . . . 7
03400 MOVE,MOVX . . . 8
03500 NOTES . . . 2,5
03600 NOTES,EDITED . . . 11
03700 NUMBERS . . . 2,5
03800 OMIT . . . 12
03900 P2 . . . 4,5,8,9,10,12,14
04000 PLAY . . . 16
04100 PRINT . . . 11
04200 PROXIMITY MODE . . . 5
04300 QUAD . . . . . . . . 9
04400 RANDOM LISTS . . . 6
04500 RANDOM SELECTION . . 3,8
04600 RCDFLG . . . 14,16
04700 REP,REPEAT . . . 2,4,6,10
04800 RESERVED NUMBER(9999.) . . . 2,6
04900 RESTART . . . 1
05000 RESTS . . . 4,5,15
05100 RETROGRADE . . . 7
05200 REVERBERATION . . . 14